Struktur kalimatMenengah

Kalimat Tidak Langsung

Reported Speech

Kalimat tidak langsung (juga disebut reported speech) digunakan untuk melaporkan apa yang dikatakan seseorang tanpa menggunakan kata-kata persisnya. Tenses biasanya mundur satu langkah (present → past, past → past perfect). Kata ganti dan ekspresi waktu juga berubah. Kata kerja pelaporan meliputi said, told, asked, dan explained.

KAPAN DIGUNAKAN

Gunakan kalimat tidak langsung untuk memberi tahu orang lain apa yang dikatakan, ditanyakan, atau dipikirkan orang lain - tanpa mengutip kata-kata persisnya. Sangat umum dalam bercerita, pelaporan berita, dan mendeskripsikan percakapan.

STRUKTUR

positiveS + said (that) + past tense clause

She said that she was tired.

Dia **berkata bahwa** dia lelah.

negativeS + told + object + (that) + past tense clause

He told me he hadn't eaten anything.

Dia **memberi tahu saya** bahwa dia **belum makan** apa-apa.

questionS + asked + (object) + if/whether / wh-word + past clause

They asked if I could help them.

Mereka **bertanya apakah** saya **bisa** membantu mereka.

KATA KUNCI

said
told
asked
explained
mentioned
replied
admitted
promised

CONTOH

She said that she was tired.

Dia **berkata bahwa** dia lelah.

He told me he had already eaten.

Dia **memberi tahu saya** bahwa dia **sudah makan**.

They asked if I could help them.

Mereka **bertanya apakah** saya **bisa** membantu mereka.

She said she would come the next day.

Dia **berkata** bahwa dia **akan datang** keesokan harinya.

He admitted that he had made a mistake.

Dia **mengakui** bahwa dia **telah membuat** kesalahan.

KESALAHAN UMUM

She said me that she was tired.

She told me that she was tired.

Gunakan 'told + objek'. 'Said' tidak bisa langsung diikuti orang ('said me' salah).

He asked where did she live.

He asked where she lived.

Dalam pertanyaan tidak langsung, gunakan urutan kata normal (subjek + kata kerja) - bukan urutan kata pertanyaan.

Tips

Aturan backshift tense: present simple → past simple, present continuous → past continuous, will → would, can → could, past simple → past perfect. Juga ubah: 'today' → 'that day', 'tomorrow' → 'the next day', 'here' → 'there'.