Struktur ayatPertengahan

Cakap Tak Langsung

Reported Speech

Cakap tak langsung (juga dipanggil reported speech) digunakan untuk melaporkan apa yang seseorang katakan tanpa menggunakan kata-kata tepat mereka. Kala kata kerja biasanya berundur satu langkah (kala kini → kala lampau, kala lampau → kala lampau sempurna). Kata ganti dan ungkapan masa juga berubah. Kata kerja pelaporan termasuk said, told, asked, dan explained.

BILA DIGUNAKAN

Gunakan cakap tak langsung untuk memberitahu seseorang apa yang orang lain katakan, tanya, atau fikirkan - tanpa memetik kata-kata tepat mereka. Sangat biasa dalam bercerita, laporan berita, dan menerangkan perbualan.

STRUKTUR

positiveS + said (that) + past tense clause

She said that she was tired.

Dia **berkata bahawa** dia letih.

negativeS + told + object + (that) + past tense clause

He told me he hadn't eaten anything.

Dia **memberitahu saya** bahawa dia **tidak makan** apa-apa.

questionS + asked + (object) + if/whether / wh-word + past clause

They asked if I could help them.

Mereka **bertanya sama ada** saya **boleh** membantu mereka.

PERKATAAN ISYARAT

said
told
asked
explained
mentioned
replied
admitted
promised

CONTOH

She said that she was tired.

Dia **berkata bahawa** dia letih.

He told me he had already eaten.

Dia **memberitahu saya** bahawa dia sudah **makan**.

They asked if I could help them.

Mereka **bertanya sama ada** saya **boleh** membantu mereka.

She said she would come the next day.

Dia **berkata** bahawa dia **akan datang** keesokan harinya.

He admitted that he had made a mistake.

Dia **mengakui** bahawa dia **telah membuat** kesilapan.

KESILAPAN BIASA

She said me that she was tired.

She told me that she was tired.

Gunakan 'told + objek'. 'Said' tidak boleh diikuti terus oleh seseorang ('said me' salah).

He asked where did she live.

He asked where she lived.

Dalam soalan tak langsung, gunakan urutan perkataan biasa (subjek + kata kerja) - bukan urutan perkataan soalan.

Petua

Peraturan backshift kala: present simple → past simple, present continuous → past continuous, will → would, can → could, past simple → past perfect. Juga tukar: 'today' → 'that day', 'tomorrow' → 'the next day', 'here' → 'there'.