KalaLanjutan

Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous menggambarkan tindakan yang telah berlangsung untuk tempoh masa sebelum tindakan atau saat lain di masa lalu. Dibentuk dengan had been + kata kerja-ing. Menekankan tempoh tindakan yang sedang berlangsung sebelumnya.

BILA DIGUNAKAN

Gunakan apabila anda ingin menekankan berapa lama sesuatu tindakan telah berlangsung sehingga satu titik tertentu di masa lalu. Juga digunakan untuk menjelaskan punca situasi masa lalu.

STRUKTUR

positiveS + had been + V-ing

She had been studying for three hours before the exam.

Dia **telah belajar** selama tiga jam sebelum peperiksaan.

negativeS + hadn't been + V-ing

They hadn't been waiting long when the bus arrived.

Mereka **belum menunggu** lama apabila bas sampai.

questionHad + S + been + V-ing?

Had you been working there long before you quit?

Adakah anda **telah bekerja** di sana lama sebelum berhenti?

PERKATAAN ISYARAT

for
since
before
until
all day
how long

CONTOH

He had been driving for six hours when he finally stopped.

Dia **telah sedang memandu** selama enam jam apabila akhirnya berhenti.

I had been waiting for an hour before she arrived.

Saya **telah sedang menunggu** selama sejam sebelum dia sampai.

They were exhausted because they had been running.

Mereka keletihan kerana **telah sedang berlari**.

She had been learning French for years before she moved to Paris.

Dia **telah sedang belajar** bahasa Perancis selama bertahun-tahun sebelum berpindah ke Paris.

Had it been raining when you left?

Adakah hujan **sedang turun** semasa anda pergi?

PERATURAN EJAAN (DIA LELAKI/DIA PEREMPUAN/IA)

Kebanyakan kata kerja	tambah -ing	wait → waiting, run → running
Berakhir dengan -e senyap	buang -e, tambah -ing	drive → driving, write → writing
Kata kerja pendek berakhir dengan konsonan-vokal-konsonan	gandakan konsonan akhir + -ing	sit → sitting, swim → swimming

KESILAPAN BIASA

I had waited for an hour before she arrived.

I had been waiting for an hour before she arrived.

Untuk menekankan tempoh tindakan yang berlangsung sebelum detik masa lalu, gunakan past perfect continuous (had been + V-ing), bukan past perfect (had + V3).

She had been knowing him for years before they married.

She had known him for years before they married.

Kata kerja statif tidak menggunakan bentuk continuous — gunakan past perfect sebagai gantinya.

Petua

Fikirkannya sebagai "masa-lalu-bagi-masa-lalu-dengan-tempoh". Jika past perfect (had done) = "sebelum itu", maka past perfect continuous (had been doing) = "telah melakukannya untuk beberapa lama sebelum itu". Bahagian continuous = tempoh.