VocabNote
KalaLanjutan

Kala Lampau Sempurna

Past Perfect

Past Perfect menggambarkan tindakan yang diselesaikan sebelum tindakan atau masa lain pada masa lalu. Dibentuk dengan had + past participle. Sering digunakan dengan Past Simple untuk menunjukkan urutan dua peristiwa masa lalu, dan dengan perkataan seperti before, after, when, already, dan by the time.

BILA DIGUNAKAN

Gunakan Past Perfect untuk menjelaskan bahawa satu tindakan masa lalu berlaku SEBELUM tindakan masa lalu lain. Amat berguna apabila urutan peristiwa tidak jelas dari konteks.

STRUKTUR

positiveS + had + past participle

By the time I arrived, the film had already started.

Menjelang saya tiba, filem itu **telah pun bermula**.

negativeS + hadn't + past participle

She hadn't visited London before she moved there.

Dia **belum pernah melawat** London sebelum berpindah ke sana.

questionHad + S + past participle?

Had he eaten before the meeting?

Adakah dia **telah makan** sebelum mesyuarat?

PERKATAAN ISYARAT

  • before
  • after
  • when
  • by the time
  • already
  • just
  • never...before

CONTOH

By the time I arrived, the film had already started.

Menjelang saya tiba, filem itu **telah pun bermula**.

She had never visited London before she moved there.

Dia **belum pernah melawat** London sebelum berpindah ke sana.

He realized he had forgotten his wallet at home.

Dia menyedari bahawa dia **telah terlupa** dompetnya di rumah.

When we got to the station, the train had left.

Apabila kami **tiba** di stesen, keretapi itu **telah bertolak**.

I had studied for weeks before I took the exam.

Saya **telah belajar** selama berminggu-minggu sebelum menduduki peperiksaan.

KESILAPAN BIASA

When I arrived, the party already started.

When I arrived, the party had already started.

Apabila satu tindakan masa lalu berlaku sebelum yang lain, gunakan past perfect (had + past participle) untuk peristiwa yang lebih awal.

She has gone before he arrived.

She had gone before he arrived.

Gunakan past perfect (had gone), bukan present perfect (has gone), untuk tindakan sebelum tindakan masa lalu lain.

Petua

Fikirkan past perfect sebagai 'masa lalu dari masa lalu'. Apabila anda sudah bercakap tentang masa lalu dan perlu mundur lebih jauh → gunakan past perfect (had + past participle).

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