Estructura de la oraciónAvanzado

Tercer Condicional

Third Conditional

El tercer condicional describe situaciones hipotéticas en el pasado — cosas que no sucedieron, e imagina resultados diferentes. Expresa arrepentimiento, crítica o alivio sobre eventos pasados. La estructura es: If + pretérito pluscuamperfecto, would have + participio pasado.

CUÁNDO USAR

Úsalo para hablar de situaciones pasadas que NO ocurrieron, e imaginar cuál HABRÍA SIDO el resultado. Común para expresar arrepentimiento, crítica de acciones pasadas o imaginar resultados alternativos.

ESTRUCTURA

positiveIf + past perfect, would have + past participle

If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

**Si** **hubiera estudiado** más, **habría aprobado** el examen.

negativeIf + past perfect, wouldn't have + past participle

If they had taken a taxi, they wouldn't have missed the flight.

**Si** **hubieran tomado** un taxi, **no habrían perdido** el vuelo.

questionWould S + have + past participle + if + past perfect?

Would she have called you if she had known your number?

¿**Te habría llamado** **si** **hubiera sabido** tu número?

PALABRAS CLAVE

if
would have
could have
might have
had (done)

EJEMPLOS

If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

**Si** **hubiera estudiado** más, **habría aprobado** el examen.

She would have called you if she had known your number.

Ella te **habría llamado** **si** **hubiera sabido** tu número.

If they had taken a taxi, they wouldn't have missed the flight.

**Si** **hubieran tomado** un taxi, **no habrían perdido** el vuelo.

I would have helped you if you had asked me.

Te **habría ayudado** **si** me lo **hubieras pedido**.

He might have got the job if he had arrived on time.

Él **podría haber conseguido** el trabajo **si** **hubiera llegado** a tiempo.

ERRORES COMUNES

If I would have studied harder, I would have passed.

If I had studied harder, I would have passed.

En la cláusula if, usa el pluscuamperfecto (had + participio pasado) — NO 'would have'.

She would have pass the exam if she had studied.

She would have passed the exam if she had studied.

Después de 'would have', usa la forma del participio pasado (passed, no pass).

Consejo

Tercer condicional = arrepentimiento o imaginar el pasado de manera diferente. Ambas partes están en pasado: If + HAD done (pluscuamperfecto) → WOULD HAVE done (resultado pasado). Nada puede cambiar — ¡todo es hipotético!