将来完成时
Future Perfect
将来完成时描述将在未来某个特定时刻之前完成的动作。由 will have + 过去分词 构成，常与 "by" + 未来时间 搭配。
何时使用
用于在未来某个特定时间之前或在另一个将来动作之前完成的动作。常与 "by"、"by the time" 或 "before" 搭配。
结构
S + will have + V3/V-edBy next year, I will have finished my degree.
到明年，我**就完成**学位了。
S + won't have + V3/V-edShe won't have arrived by 6 PM.
她**不会**在晚上6点前**到**。
Will + S + have + V3/V-ed?Will you have eaten by the time I get home?
我到家之前你**会吃完**饭吗？
信号词
- by
- by the time
- before
- by then
- by next year
- by tomorrow
例句
By 2030, technology will have changed dramatically.
到2030年，科技**将发生**巨大变化。
She will have graduated by next June.
她到明年6月**将会毕业**。
Will they have finished the project by Friday?
他们到周五**能完成**这个项目吗？
I won't have completed the report by tonight.
我到今晚**还完成不了**这份报告。
By the time you arrive, we will have left.
等你到的时候，我们**就已经走了**。
拼写规则（第三人称单数）
| 规则动词 | 加 -ed 变过去分词 | finish → finished, work → worked |
|---|---|---|
| 以 -e 结尾 | 加 -d | arrive → arrived, live → lived |
| 不规则动词 | 使用 V3 形式 | eat → eaten, write → written, go → gone |
常见错误
By next year, I will finish my degree.
By next year, I will have finished my degree.
表示在未来某一时间之前完成，用 will have + V3，而不是 will + V。
By the time you will arrive, we will have left.
By the time you arrive, we will have left.
"by the time" 后面要用一般现在时，不是将来时 —— 跟其他时间状语从句一样。
提示
用 "by + 时间" 测试一下：如果你能说 "到 [未来某个时点]，X 将完成"，那就用将来完成时。关键是 BEFORE 那一点完成，而不是 AT 那一点。