VocabNote
词类高级

短语动词

Phrasal Verbs

短语动词是与一个或两个小品词(介词或副词)结合的动词,产生与单个词不同的新含义。它们在口语英语和非正式写作中非常常见。有些短语动词是可分离的(宾语可以放在动词和小品词之间),而其他是不可分离的。

何时使用

在日常口语英语和非正式写作中使用短语动词。它们听起来比正式的单词同义词更自然(例如,在对话中 'give up' 听起来比 'abandon' 更自然)。

结构

formSeparable: verb + object + particle OR verb + particle + object

Turn it off. / Turn off the light.

关掉**它**。/ 关掉**灯**。

usageInseparable: verb + particle + object (can't be split)

She looks after her elderly parents. (NOT: looks her parents after)

她**照顾**年迈的父母。

exceptionThree-part phrasal verbs (always inseparable)

I can't put up with this noise anymore.

我再也**受不了**这种噪音了。

信号词

  • give up
  • look up
  • call off
  • turn on
  • take off
  • put up with
  • look forward to
  • run out of

例句

She gave up smoking last year.

她去年**戒**烟了。

I need to look up this word in the dictionary.

我需要在词典里**查**这个词。

They called off the meeting because of the storm.

由于暴风雨,他们**取消**了会议。

Could you turn down the music? It's too loud.

你能把音乐**调小**吗?声音太大了。

I'm really looking forward to the holidays.

我真的**期待**假期。

常见错误

Can you look it after while I'm away?

Can you look after it while I'm away?

'Look after' 是不可分离的 — 宾语必须放在完整的短语动词之后。

She gave up it.

She gave it up. / She gave up smoking.

对于可分离的短语动词和代词,代词必须放在动词和小品词之间。

提示

学习短语动词的最佳方法是在上下文中 — 不要试图从单个词猜测含义。'Give up' 不是指把某物向上给!把它们作为词汇块与例句一起学习。

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